Why were building codes created?
Residential building codes are in place primarily to ensure the safety of buildings. Initially, they primarily dealt with structural integrity, fire safety, and resistance to natural disasters.
Because of the oil embargo of the 1970's, the insulation standards in the building code were increased to reduce the amount of fuel required to heat and cool homes. There were also new regulations implemented regarding asbestos and lead paint which were shown to be health hazards.
If you do a quick internet search on the history of building codes, you will notice that many of the major updates were made in response to major catastrophes or new realizations regarding the toxicity of materials. In other words, they are more reactive than proactive.
Should meeting the building code be the goal?
While the residential building code helps to ensure the safety of our homes, it is important to realize that they are a set of minimum standards, not best building practices. In the words of John Spears, architect and owner of the Sustainable Design Group, "Building to code means you are building the worst possible home that you are legally allowed to build.”
In fact, home building associations have lobbied against increasing the energy efficiency standards in the name of “housing affordability”. How they can argue that increasing energy efficiency decreases housing affordability is beyond me, given that energy usage has a direct impact on one’s monthly payment, not to mention the lifespan of heating and A/C systems. Obviously large scale developers are concerned with preserving their right to build as quickly and cheaply as possible with no regard for the long-term financial or health impacts to the homeowner.
Building to exceed the building code
If you plan to meet building code standards when building a home or renovating an existing home, expect to fall short of the building code standards at some point in the future. Instead, if you build or renovate based on the goals of achieving a “net-zero” home and creating the healthiest indoor environment possible, you will not only exceed the building code, you will likely end up with a better investment in every way.
Your monthly costs will be lower due to less energy usage and less wear and tear on the home's systems. You’ll also be less impacted by increasing energy costs.
The improved air quality resulting from the use of durable, non-toxic materials that help to regulate humidity and resist mold growth, along with proper ventilation, will keep you and your family healthier.
And, as demand for more efficient and healthier homes increases, and the financial and health costs of poorly designed homes become more widely understood, you will be well-positioned if you decide to sell in the future.
My goal is for you to be better informed than the typical homebuyer, so you can look beyond surface-level aesthetics, and make the best decisions for both your health and your finances.